5 Oldest Indian Dog Breeds and What Makes Them Unique

India’s canine heritage stretches back thousands of years. Long before foreign breeds arrived, Indian dogs roamed palaces, farms, and forests guarding, hunting, and living alongside humans. These ancient breeds have evolved naturally, shaped by India’s diverse geography and climate. They are intelligent, low-maintenance, and deeply loyal qualities that make them perfect companions even today.

Let’s meet five of India’s oldest and most remarkable dog breeds that carry history in their paws.

“Grace of a deer, courage of a lion.”

The Rajapalayam dog, named after the town of Rajapalayam in Tamil Nadu, was once bred for royal families and warriors. Known for their striking white coat and pink nose, these dogs were used by kings to guard palaces and hunt wild boars.

What makes them unique is their blend of elegance and bravery. They’re fiercely loyal to their family, protective, and naturally wary of strangers. Despite their regal background, they are gentle with children and thrive in open spaces.

Fun fact: The Indian Army once used Rajapalayams as guard dogs along the borders due to their alertness and courage.
“India’s very own racer and protector.”

Also known as the Caravan Hound, the Mudhol Hound comes from Karnataka’s Deccan region. Sleek, athletic, and graceful, they were bred by nomadic tribes for hunting and guarding caravans hence the name.

Their aerodynamic body, sharp eyesight, and incredible stamina make them India’s native version of the Greyhound. The Indian Air Force even adopted the Mudhol Hound for security duties, proving their intelligence and discipline.

What makes them special is their adaptability they can survive harsh weather with minimal food and care. They form a deep bond with their owners and are highly alert watchdogs.
“Small in size, big in bravery.”

The Kombai, another gem from Tamil Nadu, is one of India’s oldest guard dogs. Traditionally bred by kings and warriors, Kombais were used to protect fortresses and livestock.

They are muscular, alert, and fearless, known for their loyalty and territorial instinct. Kombais have a reddish-brown coat and a strong jawline that gives them a lion-like appearance.

What sets them apart is their unshakable loyalty they protect their home with unmatched dedication. With proper socialization, they can also be affectionate family companions.

Did you know? Kombais were often gifted by South Indian kings as a symbol of strength and friendship.


“Fast, faithful, and fiercely independent.”

Hailing from southern Tamil Nadu, the Chippiparai is another ancient sighthound breed. Tall, slender, and built for speed, these dogs were once the hunting partners of royals, chasing deer and small game across open plains.

They are known for their incredible speed and sharp vision, much like the Mudhol Hound but more elegant in appearance. Their coat is short and smooth, often in shades of silver-grey or fawn.

The Chippiparai is low-maintenance and heat-resistant, making it ideal for India’s tropical climate. What makes them unique is their independent nature they don’t crave attention constantly but remain deeply loyal to their chosen person.
“The guardian of mountains.”

The Gaddi Kutta, also known as the Himalayan Sheepdog, comes from the high-altitude regions of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. These strong and furry dogs were bred by the Gaddi tribe to protect sheep from snow leopards and wolves.

Their thick double coat keeps them warm in freezing conditions, while their bravery and intelligence make them exceptional guards and herders. Despite their large size, Gaddi Kuttas are gentle giants affectionate with their families but formidable against threats.

What makes them stand out is their natural herding instinct and mountain endurance, traits that have evolved through centuries of survival in harsh terrains.
India’s ancient dog breeds are more than just pets they are a living part of our heritage. Sadly, many of these breeds are now endangered due to the popularity of foreign dogs. Yet, they are perfectly suited for Indian climates and require less maintenance than imported breeds.

By choosing to adopt or promote native breeds, we not only preserve a part of India’s history but also support dogs that are strong, loyal, and built for our environment.

Celebrate the bond with your pets, explore Health & Nutrition, discover Breeds, master Training Tips, Behaviour Decoder, and set out on exciting Travel Tails with Times Pets!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Which is the oldest dog in india ?
   Pariah dogs , also known as desi dogs is one of the oldest dog breed in india .
2. Are Indian dog breeds good family pets?
   Yes, most Indian breeds like Kombai and Mudhol Hound are loyal, loving, and protective family dogs.
3. Why are Indian dog breeds becoming rare?
   They’re often ignored due to imported breeds, though they’re better suited for India’s climate.
4. Which Indian dog breed is best for guarding?
   The Kombai and Gaddi Kutta are excellent guard dogs — brave and highly protective.